The World Health Organization Defines Violence Against Women

The World Health Organization defines violence against women as â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (2014). Aboriginal women are three times more likely to experience physical abuse than non-Aboriginal women, and this was found to be true regardless of whether the offense was spousal or non-spousal violence (Brownridge, 2003). A key contributor to the violence these women face is rooted within colonization, which essentially left the Aboriginal people in a world saturated with inequality. The colonization of Canada led to a great number of alterations to the indigenous peoples’ lifestyle, and eventually resulted in a number of social variables that contribute to violence. Some of these contributing variables include: â€Å"younger population, lower educational attainment, increased involvement in precarious work, increased alcohol/drug use, increased family size, and living in smaller, rural communities† (Anderson, n.d). Through residential schools, unfair treaties, and assimilation policies and attempts, it’s clear that throughout history Canada has played a leading role in the marginalization of the Aboriginal people. â€Å"While Aboriginal people have been affected as a whole, Aboriginal women have been doubly affected because of this racist ideology and by theShow MoreRelatedDome stic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Health Organization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-basedRead MoreForms Of Violence Against Women1210 Words   |  5 Pages Forms of Violence Against Women Introduction In Pakistan, women live in a confined world that is structured by family, tribal, and religious customs. As such, women are subjected to not only violence but also discrimination on a daily basis. This has been brought about by the interpretation of Islam, the main religion in the country, which views women as persons needing maximum protection. This consequently leads to their oppression emotionally, physically, and mentally. They face various formsRead MoreLiving Free From Violence Is A Basic Human Right Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesLiving free from violence is a basic human right, yet millions of women and girls suffer disproportionately from violence both in peace and in war, at the hands of the state, in the home and community. Across the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity. Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group withRead MoreViolence Against Women In India1556 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women is not a problem of today; it is rooted decades before. It is present all over the world .The condition is getting worse day by day. It is crossing all the borders and races. Violence against women is a very serious and sensitive issue as it is one of the most pervasive of human rights violation denying fundamental rights to almost half of population (females and girls).Domestic violence is much more drastic than violence outside because home is a place where individual seeksRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that canRead MoreFemicide1132 Words   |  5 Pagesrape in war and victimization o female refugees. The treatment of women prisoners and detained immigrant women are also related to the issue of femicide. Essentially, femicide is a form of gender-based violence (Stuart van Wormer Bartollas, 2011). It is considered to be an extreme form of gender-based violence that may include torture, mutilation, cruelty and sexual violence. The violence often culminated to murder. This violence is linked to gender concept s like inequality, discrimination andRead MoreAnnually 4.8 Million Women Are Physically Assaulted Or1398 Words   |  6 PagesAnnually 4.8 million women are physically assaulted or raped by someone they know or their intimate partners, which translates to three women being killed by their partners each day in the United States (Naylor). The United States has an alarming rate of violence against women, which is a grave violation of human rights. Its impact ranges from immediate to long-term physical, sexual, and mental effects for women and girls, such as depression, PTSD and death. Although both genders are guaranteedRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that can affect the physicalRead MoreDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto the World Health Organization, The United Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (WHO Fact Sheet, 2016, para. 1).† There are many terms used to describe violence. The term domestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domestic

The World Health Organization Defines Violence Against Women

The World Health Organization defines violence against women as â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (2014). Aboriginal women are three times more likely to experience physical abuse than non-Aboriginal women, and this was found to be true regardless of whether the offense was spousal or non-spousal violence (Brownridge, 2003). A key contributor to the violence these women face is rooted within colonization, which essentially left the Aboriginal people in a world saturated with inequality. The colonization of Canada led to a great number of alterations to the indigenous peoples’ lifestyle, and eventually resulted in a number of social variables that contribute to violence. Some of these contributing variables include: â€Å"younger population, lower educational attainment, increased involvement in precarious work, increased alcohol/drug use, increased family size, and living in smaller, rural communities† (Anderson, n.d). Through residential schools, unfair treaties, and assimilation policies and attempts, it’s clear that throughout history Canada has played a leading role in the marginalization of the Aboriginal people. â€Å"While Aboriginal people have been affected as a whole, Aboriginal women have been doubly affected because of this racist ideology and by theShow MoreRelatedDome stic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Health Organization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-basedRead MoreForms Of Violence Against Women1210 Words   |  5 Pages Forms of Violence Against Women Introduction In Pakistan, women live in a confined world that is structured by family, tribal, and religious customs. As such, women are subjected to not only violence but also discrimination on a daily basis. This has been brought about by the interpretation of Islam, the main religion in the country, which views women as persons needing maximum protection. This consequently leads to their oppression emotionally, physically, and mentally. They face various formsRead MoreLiving Free From Violence Is A Basic Human Right Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesLiving free from violence is a basic human right, yet millions of women and girls suffer disproportionately from violence both in peace and in war, at the hands of the state, in the home and community. Across the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity. Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group withRead MoreViolence Against Women In India1556 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women is not a problem of today; it is rooted decades before. It is present all over the world .The condition is getting worse day by day. It is crossing all the borders and races. Violence against women is a very serious and sensitive issue as it is one of the most pervasive of human rights violation denying fundamental rights to almost half of population (females and girls).Domestic violence is much more drastic than violence outside because home is a place where individual seeksRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that canRead MoreFemicide1132 Words   |  5 Pagesrape in war and victimization o female refugees. The treatment of women prisoners and detained immigrant women are also related to the issue of femicide. Essentially, femicide is a form of gender-based violence (Stuart van Wormer Bartollas, 2011). It is considered to be an extreme form of gender-based violence that may include torture, mutilation, cruelty and sexual violence. The violence often culminated to murder. This violence is linked to gender concept s like inequality, discrimination andRead MoreAnnually 4.8 Million Women Are Physically Assaulted Or1398 Words   |  6 PagesAnnually 4.8 million women are physically assaulted or raped by someone they know or their intimate partners, which translates to three women being killed by their partners each day in the United States (Naylor). The United States has an alarming rate of violence against women, which is a grave violation of human rights. Its impact ranges from immediate to long-term physical, sexual, and mental effects for women and girls, such as depression, PTSD and death. Although both genders are guaranteedRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that can affect the physicalRead MoreDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto the World Health Organization, The United Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (WHO Fact Sheet, 2016, para. 1).† There are many terms used to describe violence. The term domestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domestic

The World Health Organization Defines Violence Against Women

The World Health Organization defines violence against women as â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (2014). Aboriginal women are three times more likely to experience physical abuse than non-Aboriginal women, and this was found to be true regardless of whether the offense was spousal or non-spousal violence (Brownridge, 2003). A key contributor to the violence these women face is rooted within colonization, which essentially left the Aboriginal people in a world saturated with inequality. The colonization of Canada led to a great number of alterations to the indigenous peoples’ lifestyle, and eventually resulted in a number of social variables that contribute to violence. Some of these contributing variables include: â€Å"younger population, lower educational attainment, increased involvement in precarious work, increased alcohol/drug use, increased family size, and living in smaller, rural communities† (Anderson, n.d). Through residential schools, unfair treaties, and assimilation policies and attempts, it’s clear that throughout history Canada has played a leading role in the marginalization of the Aboriginal people. â€Å"While Aboriginal people have been affected as a whole, Aboriginal women have been doubly affected because of this racist ideology and by theShow MoreRelatedDome stic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Health Organization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-basedRead MoreForms Of Violence Against Women1210 Words   |  5 Pages Forms of Violence Against Women Introduction In Pakistan, women live in a confined world that is structured by family, tribal, and religious customs. As such, women are subjected to not only violence but also discrimination on a daily basis. This has been brought about by the interpretation of Islam, the main religion in the country, which views women as persons needing maximum protection. This consequently leads to their oppression emotionally, physically, and mentally. They face various formsRead MoreLiving Free From Violence Is A Basic Human Right Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesLiving free from violence is a basic human right, yet millions of women and girls suffer disproportionately from violence both in peace and in war, at the hands of the state, in the home and community. Across the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity. Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group withRead MoreViolence Against Women In India1556 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women is not a problem of today; it is rooted decades before. It is present all over the world .The condition is getting worse day by day. It is crossing all the borders and races. Violence against women is a very serious and sensitive issue as it is one of the most pervasive of human rights violation denying fundamental rights to almost half of population (females and girls).Domestic violence is much more drastic than violence outside because home is a place where individual seeksRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that canRead MoreFemicide1132 Words   |  5 Pagesrape in war and victimization o female refugees. The treatment of women prisoners and detained immigrant women are also related to the issue of femicide. Essentially, femicide is a form of gender-based violence (Stuart van Wormer Bartollas, 2011). It is considered to be an extreme form of gender-based violence that may include torture, mutilation, cruelty and sexual violence. The violence often culminated to murder. This violence is linked to gender concept s like inequality, discrimination andRead MoreAnnually 4.8 Million Women Are Physically Assaulted Or1398 Words   |  6 PagesAnnually 4.8 million women are physically assaulted or raped by someone they know or their intimate partners, which translates to three women being killed by their partners each day in the United States (Naylor). The United States has an alarming rate of violence against women, which is a grave violation of human rights. Its impact ranges from immediate to long-term physical, sexual, and mental effects for women and girls, such as depression, PTSD and death. Although both genders are guaranteedRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesViolence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that can affect the physicalRead MoreDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto the World Health Organization, The United Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (WHO Fact Sheet, 2016, para. 1).† There are many terms used to describe violence. The term domestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domestic

The 30-Second Trick for Persuasive Essay Topics with Articles

The 30-Second Trick for Persuasive Essay Topics with Articles A persuasive speech resembles a difficult challenge for many students. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. On the opposite side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is inadequate. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. If you're fond of on-line learning then it is going to be simple for you to present arguments in favor of internet education. The assignment is quite prominent in regards to high-school and college students. If you wish to tackle some more intricate issues which do not discuss advantages of sports but instead concentrate on debated topics instead, look at using one of the next sports topics to write about modern-day troubles. Since you may see, finding a suitable topic is not quite as simple as it might appear. Well, first, you're want to find good persuasive speech topics. You've been requested to provide a persuasive speech. After you are aware that you'll have a persuasive speech, immediately begin preparing. The very best persuasive speeches aren't written in a rush. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go right to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. To begin with, you want to get a strong message that you would like to convey. It is preferable to revolve around the topic that has not yet been revealed in materials and speeches often. One of the most frequent, if not the most often seen, phobia is all about public speaking. You need to supply an impressive description of the topic revealed, thus pick the one of which you may supply an outstanding visualization to be able to persuade an audience. Use what you read to assist you create some search terms, and to aid you choose your own position. You ought to know that finding a speech generator guarantees that you'll have the ability to submit a superb assignment in time. There are several factors you should concentrate on when choosing a persuasive speech topic. Have a look at our presentation if you wish to find out more about building a high-quality speech that will bring in the audience! Every writer who tends to carry out a great persuasive speech must think about a fantastic topic beforehand. In the end, the speaker would like to persuade you to do something. Not everybody can create a great listener good speakers are also required to fulfill the objective. All you will need is to pick the one which reflects your private interest and acknowledgment. Whatever the case, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is very close to you and that you are in possession of a genuine interest in, rather than just picking a random topic. If you can select the problem all on your own, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! It's hard picking a topic for your speech because there are many choices so look at these factors when deciding. To begin with, if you're arranging a persuasive speech, you ought to think about a topic that could create mental pictures in the minds of your audience. It's great to spell out the topic utilizing various emotional concepts as it allows persuading the audience better. Our topics are good since they won't leave listeners indifferent. If you're unable to produce an intriguing topic, your readers may not be tempted to listen to you till the very end. The same as an argumentative essay, a persuasive paper demands a nice amount of expertise and knowledge of a particular field. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. There are lots of interesting persuasive speech topics that you are able to use in your next academic assignment, but you should make sure your essay is pertinent to the subject you're studying. There are several intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it.

Professional Issues of Information Technology

Question: Doiscuss about the Professional Issues of Information Technology. Answer: Introduction: Even though Joe is a student, and might fail in considered himself as an IT (Information Technology) Professional, but being the student of the ACS (Australian Computer Society), he is expected to follow the Code. This code contains in the tenet on Priorities, under 1.2 that the members have to preserve the security, and under 1.3, they have to respect the proprietary nature of the information belonging to others, as is stated under 2.4. The tenet regarding professionalism under 6.2 provides that the members have to refrain from knowingly getting indulged in the dishonest practices. The members of the Association for Computing Machinery are required to adhere to the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. The General Moral Imperatives contained under this code, contain the obligations of the ACM members. This includes the obligation under 1.5 to honor the property rights. The specific professional responsibilities are also contained in this code, which includes 2.3, to know and to respect the existent laws which are related to the professional work; and the 2.8 the obligation to access the communication and computing resources only when the person has been authorized to do so. Even a student is required to follow this Code of ethics, before they become computing professionals. In the given case, Joe clearly breached all the tenets stated in the ACS Code of Ethics, as he failed to respect the information which belonged to other and which he was not authorized to use. As a student, he was reasonably aware of the Code of Ethics and yet he knowingly used the information, even when he was not given the authorization. And in doing so, he failed to preserve the security of the information. Also, the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct had to be followed by Joe, which he breached by accessing the property without the authority of doing so. He failed to honor the property rights, and respect the laws. Moreover, the obligation 2.8 regarding accessing the communication and computing resources without authorization, was totally breached. So, the actions of Joe did violate the property rights. The actions of Joe have affected not only his prospects at the university, but also the instructor, the individual whose information was present on the computer system he used, which includes all the students, as the computer was of the campus and it contained information pertaining to such students over its network, in addition to the computer centre operators. The instructor is one of the key persons who are affected by the actions of Joe. This is because he had allotted the task to Joe and when Joe tried reaching him, he could not be reached. So, when the action is brought against Joe, he would clearly blame the instructor. The individuals whose information is on the computer, have all been affected, as the computer was accessed by a person without authorization, and this puts their information at a risk of being misused. Along with this, the computer centre operators could also be affected, as a person who did not have the authorization was able to access the systems, which puts the security of the whole system at risk. So, the actions of Joe have created a chain reaction of problems for a number of people. Had I been in the position of Joe, I would have ensured that the ACS Code of Ethics, as well as, the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct was followed completely. Being an IT student, I am bound to follow these ethics in the future and so, I would make sure that I inculcate the habit of following them from now only. And in case I face similar circumstances as Joe, I would make certain that either I get the right authorization to access the system or ensure that the person having such authorization is present when such is needed, and if such person is not available, then wait for the arrival of a person who does have the requisite authorization. World Wide Web In this day and age, where nearly every person has access to internet, it becomes difficult to ascertain which information over the website is authentic and which is not. This is because, anyone with a working computing system and a web connectivity, can put anything over the internet, which may or may not have any ounce of truth behind it. And a few clicks here and there can fetch the results on creating a website. So, the question is often raised, how can one validate that the information that is being read over a website is really the truth or is a pure faade? In order to evaluate this, one should always look at certain key points. These include: The sponsor of the page: when a person opens up a website, the first wordings after the term www consists of the name of the organization or the individual behind the website. For instance, the government websites https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/it-and-communications shows that this is an Australian Government website. And when the sponsor or source of any website can be authenticated, as in the given case, it can be deemed that the information provided by such website is genuine. Contact Information: If a website is able to provide the full address and contact details, it is probably an authentic website and the material on such website can be trusted. Though, often fake contact information is provided, so this criterion has to be used with the other criteria stated here. Does any other website show similar information?: In case one comes across a website, which states something, which cannot be found anywhere else, this means there is no backing to the information and so, it is probably fake. Time: An individual also has to consider if the website is active and provides latest information. If the information is not dated, then the copyright should be checked to judge if the website is active. For instance, a website depicts some information, which has no date and has a copyright of 2000; in such case, it is better to ignore such information. Objectivity: the information which is provided over the internet is one side, or evaluates both the sides can also determine if the information is correct. In case a website keeps only one point of view or reflects an opinion which is completely against a particular group, then it is a possibility that a page is sponsored by a certain group, which makes the information unreliable. Authentic: The information provided is from an established or authentic source or not is also to be noted. If the information provided on the website is cited from different sources, then such information is definitely credible. Moreover, websites which provide things like privacy statement, terms and conditions, about and the like are information whose information can be relied upon. There are also instances, where the authentic websites display certain information, where a disclaimer is put that the information contained is the views of the author and not of the website. Even such information is authentic due to the reliability and disclaimer. Apart from this, things like domain name, the Top Level Domain, for instance, .com, .gov, .au, also provide the validity to the content of a website. The websites which turns the web address in green are indicator of safe websites, which have authentic backing and hence, can be trusted upon. Another way of authentication is the ability to edit the information on the website. If the information can be easily edited by anyone then the information might always not be right, for instance, Wikipedia, where anyone can create an account an edit the information, without providing any evidence for the provided information. By evaluating all these points, a person can ascertain the authenticity of the information on a website. Lastly, one should always consider their personal judgment to evaluate if the website does feel reliable. References The University of Western Australia. (2016). Australian Computer Society Code of Ethics [Online]. Available: https://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS3200/ethics/acs-ethics.htm O. K. Burmeister. (2016). Applying The ACS Code Of Ethics [Online]. Available: https://www.homeworkmarket.com/sites/default/files/qx/15/04/03/09/acs_reading_3_applying_the_acs_code_of_ethics_0.pdf Association for Computing Machinery. (2016). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct [Online]. Available: https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct ACM. (2016). Using the New ACM Code Of Ethics In Decision Making [Online]. Available: https://www.acm.org/about/p98-anderson.pdf ACM Ethics. (2016). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct [Online]. Available: https://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2016). How to Judge the Reliability of Internet Information [Online]. Available: https://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/webtutor/judging.htm University of St. Augustine. (2016). Criteria for Evaluating the Accuracy/Validity of a Website [Online]. Available: https://usa-document.com/lb/Evaluating%20Websites.pdf United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2016). Criteria Used in Evaluating Web Resources [Online]. Available: https://unfccc.int/essential_background/library/items/1420.php Larry Johnson Annette Lamb. (2013). Evaluating Internet Resources [Online]. Available: https://eduscapes.com/tap/topic32.htm Lee College. (2016). How Can I Tell if a Website is Reliable? [Online]. Available: https://www.edb.utexas.edu/petrosino/Legacy_Cycle/mf_jm/Challenge%201/website%20reliable.pdf Who Is Hosting This. (2016). How to Search and Determine Credible Sources on the Internet [Online]. Available: https://www.whoishostingthis.com/resources/credible-sources/

Korean and Japanese Honorific Systems

Honorific is considered as an address form which portrays respect towards the addressee and are classified according to addressee’s title. Suffix endings such as Professor, Mister, Coach, Officer, Captain, Sir, and so forth are some examples which are commonly used.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Korean and Japanese Honorific Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Every language has these kinds of honorifics and Asian societies have honorifics which are essential elements of their cultures and the language. Asian societies are fixed to a Confucian value arrangement which underlines diffidence, humbleness and respect towards older people (Brown, 2011, p. 65). Most honorifics are applied when attending to kings, queens, landlords, and some respected persons. The dislodgment of honorific is extraordinary in Asian languages; while both Korean and Japanese have preserved their Honorific forms and this paper would compare and contrast honorific languages in these two communities. In Japan, traditionally, respect and honor is mostly treasured since both are still traditional joint country. Thus, honorifics are essential elements while addressing other people, where they have agglutinative language which they usually do not recognize gender. Nouns are also not considered and conjunction is not reflected. Japanese languages contain three stages of respects which are applied: Keigo (Advanced Plain), Teineigo (Simple Plain) and, lastly, Kudeketa (Plain); these are stages of respects which are essential than the prefixes or suffixes which accompanies (Backhouse, 2005, p. 25). Teineigo level is more inflectional arrangement and commonly applied for a person who is being spoken to, while Keigo are split into two different languages, Sonkeigo and Kensongo. Kensongo are usually used when addressing the group which may include sister or brother or workmate. Sonkeigo is a polite speech used for som ebody being talked about which may include bosses or a customer. Regular and irregular verbs are contained in Kensongo and Sonkeigo and they as well apply the prefix  ¨o ¨ or  ¨go ¨ to create a term honorific (Backhouse 2005, p. 25).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different from Teinogo, highly inflectional arrangement, both  ¨Ãƒ ¼kagau ¨, contained in Kensongo, and Sonkeigo apply interchange verbs to turn into  ¨Ãƒ ¼kagau ¨ in Kensongo and  ¨Ãƒ ¯rasshar u ¨ in Sonkeigo and all stages of the languages possess its particular verb endings and vocabulary. They considered that it is not the way you end the language that makes it very complex, but it important to understand which stage to use for a particular person. If a person needs to introduce the boss to another person of the same status with the boss, he or she would utilize the Kensongo to introduce the boss. Anothe r case is that a kid needs to apply Sonkeigo when addressing his grandmothers, but would apply Kensongo when introducing her to somebody else. The application of each of them relies on the idea of â€Å"Out groups† and â€Å"In groups† (Hasegawa, 2010, p. 140). Hence, this language stage is corresponding with someone or situations which are being addressed or talked about. These language stages are distinguished by extended polite phrases like  ¨Ã‚ ¨ motasete itadaku ¨Ã‚ ¨ which can be translated as  ¨Ã‚ ¨can I kindly be permitted to carry†¦Ã‚ ¨ in Kensongo (Hasegawa, 2010, p. 140). On the other hand, Japanese usually has an inclination towards brevity, and this is shown in their sentence structure. Children are not provided to learn use of honorific language and they are usually expected to apply it, but it is just during their employment when he or she is openly taught. Korean and Japanese languages share complex arrangement of honorific speech levels and they normally applied with Korean aristocracy (Yang bang). They contain prefixes like Sir, Doctor, etc. and also expressions for kinship. The suffix  ¨Ã‚ ¨ nim ¨Ã‚ ´ may be attached to a noun to create it more honorific and nouns can as well be substituted with these honorifics (Sohn, 2006, p. 132). Contrary to honorific, polite words are there also and some verbs contain particular forms and terms like ‘I’ or ‘we’ pronouns utilize form. Speech levels are very significant in Korean language and these levels are applied to bring up narrators’ or authors’ addressees, while honorifics are mainly used for a subject.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Korean and Japanese Honorific Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gender group, he or she, is required to settle on honorific and speech level to apply, hence, not just the addresser who has an option regarding speech level, but gender group as well may select to attach the honorific. Subject and predicate have to match while using honorifics and it is impossible to attach a marker to the predicate when the subjects are categorized as group of nouns which are not in agreement with the marker. For instance,  ¨Ã‚ ¨ sensaennim I cip e ka-si-eyo (the tutor has gone home) has corresponded with verb ending and honorific subject, while â€Å"haksean I hakkyo e ka-si-eyo† (the learner has gone to school) is inappropriate in Korean language since the subject is not allowed to have honorific ending and it is not corresponding with the verb used in the sentence (Sohn, 2006, p. 132). Korean language has more than seven speech levels and every speech level has a particular distinct arrangement of verb endings to show the level of requirements. Politeness and respect are represented by three ordinary levels of speech and the first one is ‘ta’, usually used to address somebody younger than the a ddresser. Second one is polite (yo), normally used to address somebody older than the addresser such as employer, stranger with same age or older than addresser, older relative, and superiors. Third one is deferential (su), commonly used to address somebody who is superior to the polite yo (Sohn, 2006, p. 132). The number of levels remains unknown but the bilingual persons argue that there are around seven distinct speech levels and these levels would be briefly discussed below. The first five speech levels are combined as jondaemal, whereas the last two speech levels are grouped together as banmal and every speech level has a particular distinct arrangement of verb endings (Bruno, 2011, p. 33). These seven different speech levels portray respect and politeness to addressees and in Japanese language these speech levels as well make â€Å"In groups† and â€Å"Out groups.† In Korean language, honorific arrangement is exceptionally complicated and the issues are present i n three distinct ways.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First, each expression must be marked for the triad engaged in dialogue, receiver, referent, and reporter and second, the guidelines need cautious choice of highly linguistic pieces (Bruno, 2011, p. 33). Third, addressers can change speech levels at any moment (Bruno, 2011, p. 33). Therefore, if somebody desires to bring in a dialogue, he or she is required to choose which speech level to apply and the addresser is required to settle on status and age with the aim of selecting proper speech level to use. Different from Japanese honorifics, which are classified as relative, Korean kinds of honorifics are considered as absolute and are applied not considering the person the speaker is talking to. Honorifics are also attached irrespective of â€Å"In groups† and â€Å"Out groups.† Conclusion Language is just like something which undergoes evolution and changes and it is astonishing to observe the manner in which political and cultural transformations may change certain la nguage. It appears that these honorifics originated from minor societies where people staying in those societies recognized everybody’s social status. Japan appears to be experiencing much bigger problem regarding preservation of honorific language and it appears, from my view, that the Japanese are troubled as they preserve  ¨face ¨Ã‚ ¨, the function of respectful language which is more influenced by changing western society and culture. On the other hand, Korean seems not to be influence by the change of the western society regarding honorifics and appears that their honorifics, which are absolute, create it easier, while in Japanese language, honorifics are compared with the situation creating it slightly complex to apply. Permanent honorific application, in Japanese language, will rely mainly on the way government is strict implementing its use in their newly introduced guidelines. References List Backhouse, E 2005, The Lexical Field of Taste: A Semantic Study of Japa nese Taste Terms, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Bruno, L 2011, Asian Honorifics, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Philadelphia PA. Brown, L 2011, Korean Honorifics and Politeness in Second Language Learning, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam. Hasegawa, Y 2010, Soliloquy in Japanese and English, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Philadelphia. Sohn, H 2006, Korean language in culture and society, University of Hawaii Press, Hawaii. This essay on Korean and Japanese Honorific Systems was written and submitted by user Kaylen Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Data Warehouse and Data Essay

Data Warehouse and Data Essay Data Warehouse and Data Essay Data warehousing plays a vital role and important area of information technology infrastructure Data warehousing is a structure that holds data in a prà ©cised manner and data can be retrieved based on the business requirements of a company. There are many different kinds of data ware housing systems that a data is stored in a company and will be vary based on the storage like star flex schema data ware house, snow flake data ware house, metadata ware house and enterprise data warehouse systems. In past data is being maintained in the papers, tapes and disks and now the data is maintained in the granular, systematic order and in highly secure way in appropriate data bases with structured tables, constrains, data diagrams, and keys combined know as data ware house. As of now we would make a difference between the data in legacy format of operation to the on-going operation of Data Warehouse 2.0 Step-By-Step Growth and architectural view of DW 2.0: In DW 2.0 when compared to 1st Generation data ware housing there is an advanced architectural features and technologies. There are remarkable changes made in the DW 2.0 when compared with the previous versions change in implementation of architectural, upgrade to systems and ability to communications with the end users which has got a vital change in the business. Online Process and access of data to a common business man in day to day life in reservation systems, ATM Process and online inventory management is not restricted to time. Corporate Data: Came to reality by adding the corporate information on the many applications by new vistas of processing opened up which was not previously obtained. Business made discussions on the structured data but there is also valuable information in the unstructured data which need to be made decision on it and the key to open up was made with ETL (Extract, transform, Load) which made vital changes in business. Capacity: Interact with different forms of technologies, speed up of processing, with stand of data in which capacity is an infrequently encountered constrains made easier in DW 2.0 Effects of Data ware house on Business: The DW had higher effect on various businesses. In this case the situation raises where the business which are deeply reliable on the DW are follows: The airline environment which uses the frequent flyer technology The Credit card companies which cross verifies the persons profile to see if any fraudulent use of credit card. Company keeps track of oversupply and under supply of goods maintained by an organization Organization stores customer profile regarding transactions in detail manner in data ware house. The Data ware house helps the organization to maintain long and detailed corporate memory. Changes of Data in timely manner supported by DW : There are wider changes in architectural and ability to maintain data in DW 2.0. It has greater ability to support the changes of data which changes in time to timely manner this is due to the semantically static and semantically temporal data in database designs. If data entity changes happens, Semantic data changes occurs. In Meaning full static data will it will not always be fixed and there wouldn't be any changes and the data which is Meaning full secular data will be frequently changing . Taking an considering an example of customer profile with Meaning full secular data where we can edit details of his profile and we can add details in his profile this shows that data is frequently changing. If considering in an organization where details of an employee are maintained in case gets transferred or gets into new position where the roles, responsibilities, emails to whom he needs to report and who all needs to report to him will be changed and leads to add in columns to tables and changes in data. And now considering the example of Meaning full static data is yearly stocks where it will be mentioned the sales, profits,

Beware of These 26 Worst College Majors

Beware of These 26 Worst College Majors SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the biggest decisions you’ll have to make while you’re in college (or even before you begin) is what you’ll want to major in.When you choose a major, you might primarily think about your academic interests or long-term career goals. But perhaps you’re concerned about more practical matters, like employment and earnings opportunities. If you want to scope out majors that will make it more difficult for you to be professionally successful in the long run, you’ve come to the right place. Here, I’ll lay out what makes a major â€Å"bad† before listing the worst college majors in a variety of categories (like worst paying majors, majors with the highest unemployment rates, and lowest value majors). Keep in mind, however, that these can still be great subjects to study. Already majoring in one of the subjects on this list or planning to in the future? Don’t worry - that doesn’t mean you’re doomed to professional failure. At the end, I’ll list tips and strategies for success if you’ve decided to pursue one of the majors on these lists. Let’s get started! What Makes a Major â€Å"Bad?† There's no such thing as an objectively bad major - you should study whatever topic you choose. But in the context of this article, I’m defining the "worst" college majors as onesthat may make it more difficult for you to: Find employment post-graduation (based onaverage unemployment rates) Make a good living (based on average salary) Both find a job AND find a job that pays well There are a lot of reasons why a particular major might make it more difficult for a graduate to find a relatively well-paying job quickly. You’ll want to do your own research on majors that you’re interested in, but here are some possible explanations for why a major may end up on one of our â€Å"worst† lists: Competition in an industry is particularly high, making it harder for recent grads to break into the field. There isn’t a lot of demand for a particular professional with that major, which drives down salaries. A bachelor’s degree may not be enough to gain success in the field. Students may need to pursue a graduate degree in order to find gainful employment. Jobs in a particular field may be found mostly in the public sector. Public sector jobs tend to pay less than private sector jobs. These majors can still be great areas of study and lead to fulfilling careers; they are just, on average, less lucrative ones. Majors With the Worst Employment Rates The following majors are the ones that may make it most difficult for you to find a job after graduation, especially in your field. These majors are correlated with higher-than-average unemployment rates based on a recent report out of Georgetown University. Here are some recent, important figures for reference: Unemployment rates for high school graduates, aged 18-24: 18.9% Unemployment rate for graduates with bachelor’s degrees, aged 18-24: 6.7% *Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2014 You’ll notice that the unemployment rates listed below are much lower than 18.9%, which is the unemployment rate for people without a college degree. They are, however, higher than the average unemployment rate for young people with bachelor’s degrees (6.7%). I’ve also included unemployment for â€Å"experienced graduates† of these majors - you’ll notice that unemployment rates drop as people age and gain more professional experience. We can’t tell, however, whether these people are working in the particular field they majored in at school. On this list, recent college grads are defined as individuals with bachelor’s degrees aged 22-26. Experienced college grads are defined as individuals with bachelor’s degrees aged 35-54. The most recent data is from 20-2012, which is a few years ago now, but given how long this sort of research can take it’s the best information we currently have. These majors may lead to increased job search timelines, which means more stress and less money in your pocket. International Business Unemployment for recent college grads: 12.3% Unemployment for experienced college grads: Not enough information available Computer and Information Systems Unemployment for recent college grads: 12.1% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 4.3% Anthropology and Archaeology Unemployment for recent college grads: 10.9% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 7.1% Political Science Government Unemployment for recent college grads: 10.9% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 5.8% Architecture Unemployment for recent college grads: 10.3% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 7.3% Philosophy and Religious Studies Unemployment for recent college grads: 10.3% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 6.4% Fine Arts Unemployment for recent college grads: 10.2% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 6.5% Commercial Art and Graphic Design Unemployment for recent college grads: 9.9% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 6.8% Economics Unemployment for recent college grads: 9.8% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 4.4% Psychology Unemployment for recent college grads: 9.3% Unemployment for experienced college grads: 6.3% Worst Paying Majors If your primary concern when choosing a major is earning potential, you might want to stay away from the ones on the following list. They’re correlated with particularly low earnings for â€Å"experienced† grads (aged 25-59) according to that same Georgetown report. Median earnings are more helpful than average earnings because averages are easily skewed by very high or very low outliers. Keep in mind that the most recent information from this report is from 20-2012, so salaries are probably slightly higher now. For reference, the average graduate with a bachelor’s degree makes $45,478 right out of college. The average adult with a bachelor’s degree regardless of age makes about $59,124. You may want to avoid the following majors if this empty wallet makes you sadder than it would the average person. Fine Arts Median earnings for recent grads: $28,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $52,000 Drama and Theater Arts Median earnings for recent grads: $28,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $52,000 Anthropology and Archaeology Median earnings for recent grads: $29,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $57,000 Physical Fitness, Parks, Recreation, and Leisure Median earnings for recent grads: $30,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $53,000 Social Work Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $44,000 Family and Consumer Sciences Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $47,000 Music Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $52,000 Psychology Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $53,000 Philosophy and Religious Studies Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $56,000 Film, Video, and Photographic Arts Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $56,000 Chemistry Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Median earnings for experienced grads: $73,000 Lowest Value Majors In this category, I used information from that Georgetown Report to consider the lowest value majors. These are majors that are associated with both high rates of unemployment AND low salaries - that is, they’re the majors that showed up on both of the lists above. Here, you can check out unemployment and median earnings for both recent and more experienced grads for the lowest value majors. Anthropology and Archaeology Unemployment for recent grads (22-26 years old): 10.9% Median earnings for recent grads: $29,000 Unemployment for experienced grads (30-54 years old): 7.1% Median earnings for experienced grads: $57,000 Philosophy and Religious Studies Unemployment for recent grads (22-26 years old): 10.3% Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Unemployment for experienced grads (30-54 years old): 6.4% Median earnings for experienced grads: $56,000 Fine Arts Unemployment for recent grads (22-26 years old): 10.2% Median earnings for recent grads: $28,000 Unemployment for experienced grads (30-54 years old): 6.5% Median earnings for experienced grads: $52,000 Philosophy and Religious Studies Unemployment for recent grads (22-26 years old): 10.3% Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Unemployment for experienced grads (30-54 years old): 6.4% Median earnings for experienced grads: $56,000 Psychology Unemployment for recent grads (22-26 years old): 9.3% Median earnings for recent grads: $31,000 Unemployment for experienced grads (30-54 years old): 6.3% Median earnings for experienced grads: $53,000 Are You Doomed If You’ve Chosen One of the WorstMajors? The short answer: no. There are a lot of reasons you can be successful even if you’ve chosen a major that’s associated with low salary, high unemployment, or both. Many students prioritize personal and academic interests over high future salaries, and that’s 100% OK (as long as you’re well-informed and realistic about your employment prospects). Still concerned? Here are a few reasons why you shouldn’t be too worried about choosing a â€Å"bad† major. Don’t abandon ship until you’ve read the rest of this post. You Don’t Have to Pursue a Career That’s Directly Related to Your Major Some of the majors listed above are fairly flexible or broad in scope (like psychology or philosophy). If you’re concerned about getting a job or making enough money after you graduate, you should know it’s possible to switch gears and look for entry-level employment that isn’t directly related to your major. Many employers will view your past employment history as more important that your college major, especially as you get older. You may have to spend more time working your way up the ranks from an entry-level position, but that’s super common with recent college grads anyways. You Can Pursue Graduate Degrees in Your Field A graduate degree may lead to an increase in salary and a decrease in the chance you’ll stay unemployed. Some BA degrees won’t get you anywhere in a particular field without a graduate degree (e.g. you can do next to nothing in psychology without at least a master’s). This won’t apply to every major, but you may want to look into whether a graduate degree (either an MA or a PhD) is all but required for a job in a particular field. Graduate degrees can be expensive and costly, but they can really pay off in the long run with better employment prospects and higher salaries (again, though, it’s important to do your own research on this). Alternatively, you may be able to pursue a graduate degree in a new field, especially if your undergraduate major is one of the more flexible options. 4 Tips If You’re Studying One of the Worst College Majors If you’ve chosen one of these majors (and will be sticking with it), there are a few important things you can do to make sure you don’t end up unemployed or underpaid. Know What You Can Expect to Make If you have a specific career in mind, you can look at websites like payscale.com or salary.com for more info on average earnings. If you’re happy (or unhappy) with these prospects, this will give you an idea of whether you should stay the course or pivot to another career path. Speak With Other Graduates in Your Major Are they working in the same field, or are they doing something different? Are they happy with what they’re earning? Was it difficult to find a job? Keep in mind that any information you get is is anecdotal evidence, so take it with a grain of salt. Meet With a Career Counselor You can often schedule a meeting with a counselor through your school’s career center. They can speak with you more about possible career options based on your major, interests, and strengths. They may also have more info about job growth and earning potential. Finally, career counselors may have contacts in your field in case you wanted to connect with grads in your major - this could turn out to be a great resource. Have a Career Plan Coming up with a solid plan means asking yourself a ton of questions about what you want, including: Do you want to stay in your field and look for jobs directly related to your major, or do you want to branch out? Can you start getting entry-level experience now so that you’ll be better prepared to enter the workforce after you graduate? Would it pay off to look into graduate degree programs? Would a graduate degree make you significantly more valuable as an employee? As your answers to these questions shift (or not) over time, you can amend your plans and goals so that your professional career ends up where you want it to. Coming up with a plan - even if you have to scrap it a few times - is never a bad idea. Wrapping Up The way I defined â€Å"worst† at the beginning of this article was pretty narrow. If your primary concerns are job availability and/or salary, the majors listed here may not be the best fit for you. However, that doesn’t mean that these majors should be avoided at all costs and under all circumstances, and it doesn’t mean you can’t be successful if you’ve chosen one of these majors. It does mean that you should think carefully and critically about your career prospects, especially if you’re interested in choosing one of these majors. To be frank, however, everyone should be doing this if they want to be optimally successful with their degree, no matter how â€Å"good† of a major they’ve chosen. What’s Next? Still stressed about selecting a college major? Only you can figure out which major is best for you, but we may have some information to make the decision a bit easier. Learn about how to choose a major for your college application, and then check out our post on the average college GPA by major. If you’re thinking longer-term about your career prospects, you might be interested in learning about job shadowing - it’s a great way to test out a particular profession to see if it may be a good fit. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Engineerin level 2 diploma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineerin level 2 diploma - Essay Example Nylon has great strength yet very light weight. Being elastic, it can regain its original shape when stretched. Resistance to wear and tear gives it a long life. It is usually dyed and used in ropes, certain fabrics etc. Piezoelectric materials exhibit a creep effect, the piezoelectric effect is direction dependant and can withstand very high stresses however, show a hysteresis effect during the loading and unloading of strain. It is deemed imperative by the company’s management to ensure the quality of the products being used in the organization. The word quality, when used, defines a minimum set of standards the products procured by the vendor should meet before being incorporated into the â€Å"white goods† manufactured by the company. These vendor acquired products must comply with the requirements set for the white product. It should be up to the mark with all the required features (geometry, surface finish etc) required for the purpose it is going to be used for. Moreover, it must completely comply with the national and international standards for health and safety for the workplace, workers, users and the wider environment. The customer satisfaction is the corner stone for success in the much competitive market and therefore, the parts must comply with all aspects of customer satisfaction. A survey may be conducted to this effect before implementing the standards. The quality of the parts will be ensured by setting up a separate quality management department in the organization headed by the quality assurance manager. He will further have a dedicated team working under him making surprise, periodic checks on the parts provided by the vendor. Those that are sub standard will be returned to the vendor and appropriate action taken including but not limited to fine to contract annulment in extreme case scenario. The quality assurance department will be

The Role of Scenario Planning in Exploring the Environment Essay

The Role of Scenario Planning in Exploring the Environment - Essay Example Increasing pressure on the resource, and factors to its production, however, identifies concerns over trends in its future market. These lead to the question, ‘how will the crude oil industry affect our country’s economy and households’ livelihoods in the year 2020?’ Trends in the crude oil industry identify many uncertainties, both short term and long term. Seasonal weather conditions that affect energy consumption levels in traveling and heating determines variable demand levels and prices of crude oil. Adverse weather phenomena such as hurricanes also hamper production process to influence supply, and subsequently price of crude oil. Other factors that influence trends in the industry include resolutions by OPEC, production cost, and technological developments for the industry’s applications. Increasing demand for oil by emerging Asian economies such as China and India is another driver to the industry’s trend (Nrcan 2010). Similarly, increasing global demand for oil indicates future demand concerns (Opec 2012). The industry’s critical uncertainties are demand and adverse weather conditions. Demand has a high potential level because it dictates the industry’s quantity of production and influences prices at given supply capacities. It is however uncertain because of possible changes such as the emergence of expanding economies and development of alternative sources of energy. Adverse weather conditions also dictate the ability to mine crude oil and are highly unpredictable, being natural conditions (Nrcan 2010; Opec 2012). Demand for crude oil identifies two extremes, high demand relative to supply and low demand relative to supply while weather conditions identify existence of adverse weather conditions and favorable weather. The two factors generate four scenarios as shown below (Burt 2006). A favorable condition will occur under high demand for crude oil and simultaneous favorable weather conditions. This would mean an active economy that utilizes energy for production activities and household needs. Availability of oil due to good weather would also mean sufficient supply and consequently favorable prices.  

Advertising Victorias Secret Essay Example for Free

Advertising Victorias Secret Essay Victorias Secret is a retail seller of womens clothing and beauty goods, but is most familiar as a dealer of lingerie. Victorias Secret had retailing of more than US$ 2.6 billion through their over 900 retail stores in the U.S. in 2005. In Joseph Jaffes Life After the 30-Second Spot,† he looks at how the mode that most companies and organizations believe is the best way to get their point crosswise to customers and projection television advertisements. It is significant to note that its not that the ads arent imaginative, inventive, or are not talking the verbal communication of the spectator no less than for the most part that has sourced the need for a life after this type of marketing, its the empowerment of all of us in the marketplace, letting the people call the shots for maybe the first time in a long, long while. Victorias Secret was six money losing lingerie stores and a successful catalog when Wexner bought the company in 1982. It was a business aimed at making men comfortable buying lingerie. But what Wexner saw was an essential appeal to women. From its inception, Victorias Secrets telephone operators were trained to be soothingly supportive when embarrassed males called. You dont know your ladys bra size? No problem. Do you know where she keeps them? Okay, look on the edge of the strap and it will tell you the size. Today almost exclusively women for women who are mainly buying to please themselves run Victoria’s Secret. Doing only $7 million when Wexner bought it, the business grossed nearly $1.8 billion in 2003, two-thirds from the stores. Wexner was at his best, grasping the potential of Victorias Secret and then realizing that potential. He created stores that enhanced a mood: pretty but not overtly sexy, with satin nightgowns hung on the walls, a color-coordinated spread of undergarments on tables and plenty of room to mill about on thick carpeting. Thus coddled, the Victorias Secret customer buys eight to ten bras a year; the typical American woman buys two. Weve made women consider the bra and panty part of their fashion wardrobe, says Grace Nichols, 48, chief executive of Victorias Secret stores. A woman buys an aqua satin bra from Victorias Secret in the same way she buys a new lipstick color, to cheer up, to feel better or to indulge herself. Narcissism is real, says Wexner. Its the key to the business. The stores and catalog arc now run separately and carry mostly different goods, with only about 5% overlap. But they reinforce each other. FORBES estimates between 200 million and 240 million catalogs are mailed to 10 million peoplewith some getting as many as 45 catalogs a year. As much as generating mail-order and 800-number business, the catalogs stimulate women to visit the stores. Were in the customers face on a regular basis, Nichols says. She has plans to go from 600 Victorias Secret stores to as many as 1,000 stores, adding 50 a year, even without expanding abroad. Six years ago Victorias Secret introduced a line of scented bath gels, soaps and lotions. These products are indulgence-oriented, so we saw a great emotional marriage between the two products, says Nichols. The line now constitutes $180 million in revenues and 15% of sales, with better than 50% gross margins. Not rock music but Vivaldi and Beethoven pour softly from the loud-speakers in Victorias Secret stores. Customers started requesting tapes and CDs. Why not? Since 1989 the stores have sold more than 10 million tapes and CDs, recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra for the Victorias Secret label. Cynthia Fedus, chief executive of the catalog operation since 1988, also made major changes. Out went the steamy shots of scantily dad males and females grappling, ogling or embracing each other that were common under her male predecessor. In came a mannered, aristocratic look with British affectations. Though headquartered in New York, the catalog first listed a London address on the cover. But when people started showing up at that address, an administrative office, it was dropped. The catalog still states a price in pounds. It became aspirational, with older models posing in rich-looking, lovely settings, she says. Sales doubled her first year, to more than $100 million. Fedus also added to the lingerie a line of sportswear and evening wear, which has become 60% of sales. A supplemental swimwear issue debuted, bringing in $12 million in sales. There followed a country issue with rustic clothing and Timberland shoes. Leslie Wexner has always understood that retailing and show business are first cousins. Victorias Secret has become a powerful mainstream retailing brand image. Why. Those with a taste for pop psychology speculate that professional women, denied highly feminine clothes at the office, want to wear ultra-feminine garments underneath. Such talk bores pragmatic Nichols. I could tell you any bullshit you want to hear, she snaps, but youll find the [lingerie] category hasnt grown; weve just grabbed market share. Victorias Secret has aided; perchance more than any other product attract notice to the lingerie industry. Their advertising operations, together with the Victorias Secret Lingerie Catalog and Victorias Secret Fashion Show are visually attractive and contentious. The notice received by Victorias Secret for their violent advertising campaigns has produced invaluable rumor and media bytes to further augment the Victorias Secret brand. References Joseph Jaffe, 2005, Life After the 30-Second Spot: Energize Your Brand With a Bold Mix of Alternatives to Traditional, Publisher: John Wiley ; Sons Inc

Meeting the Demand for Clergy in Victorian England :: European History

Meeting the Demand for Clergy in Victorian England    Many new changes came to Victorian England as a result of the age of industrialization. Where there were once small country parishes, manufacturing towns were springing up. One change resulting from industrialization was the shortage of clergy to fill the new parishes in these towns. These new parishes reflect the demographic changes of the English countryside. Rural villages grew into booming towns. Where a single parish was once sufficient, there was now a need for multiple parishes. The Church of England went about meeting these demands for new clergy in two major ways, actively recruiting men to the clergy and restructuring theological facilities and changing the requirements for ordination. These factors show us some of the upheaval and reconstruction that was going on in the Anglican Church in Victorian England. This was a direct result of the need to train a large number of clergy in a relatively short period of time. Industrialization changed the demographic make up of England. In The Victorian Church in York Edward Royle states that "As suburban development turned sparsely populated manors into thriving and populous communities, further parochial sub-division took place" (2). Where small parishes once were sufficient, the larger manufacturing towns demanded more parishes be added to minister to the larger population. In 1832 the "Church of England was in danger and quite unequipped for ministry to an emerging urban industrial society" (Parsons 16). There was a shortage of clergy because of the rapid unanticipated growth. The demand for so many clergy to be ordained quickly led to restructuring clerical requirements. This demand could be shown in mere numbers, for example: "In 1841 there were just over 14,000 clergy in England and in 1891 there were more than 24,000" (Parsons 25). In the 1840s these clergy were primarily trained at the two major universities, Oxford and Cambridge. A small percentage (14%) came from small theological colleges. Many people could not afford to send their sons to these universities for the length of time required to become ordained. The combination of the increased demand in number of clergy needed and the time restriction for development created a crisis. The result of this crisis, was the development of the lesser theological colleges for the non-ordained and vocationally trained clergy.. This caused a number of issues to be raised. The result of this trend was " the growth of non-university clergy and the inadequacy of its theological instruction" (qtd.

Graduate School and Early Modern Europe

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The phenomenal growth in knowledge, which we are witnessing today in many areas of science and technology, is the result of the tireless efforts of a large number of teachers and students deeply committed to widening the horizons of human knowledge through painstaking research. Many of us of the younger generation are the beneficiaries, both intellectually and materially, of the outstanding work done in the field of computer engineering.As a student of information technology and computer science, it is my ambition to contribute my mite to the widening and deepening of knowledge in the area of information technology and computer science in general. My undergraduate education in Information technology has enabled me to grasp the fundamental concepts in this area of study. I have excelled in most of the courses that I have taken which include Computer networks, Operating Systems, Microprocessor & Interfacing and Database Management Systems among others; a pointer to my sound analytical and computational skills.My academic prowess can be gauged from the fact that I topped my department in the Microprocessors course and secured the 3rd rank in my fourth semester examinations in a highly competitive class. One of my unique achievements has been in pedagogy. It was during my fifth semester, when I was helping my peers with the computationally intensive courses we had to take up then, that I realized the efficacy of the statement â€Å"To learn better, teach†. The incessant queries of my friends’ made me brood deeper into the subject whilst they enhanced their understanding of it.My achievement was the substantial improvement in grades for both my peers and me. The numerous seminars, which I have conducted in my class in areas both within and out of the scope of my curriculum, have honed my communication skills and I am confident that I would be an effective teaching assistant. My team-playing ability and leadership qualities came to the fore during â€Å"Interrupt 2006†, a national level technical symposium conducted by the Department of Computer Science, wherein I coordinated a variety of technical and non-technical events that were widely appreciated.I am currently working in Egrove Systems Corporation as a Programmer and Analyst, a renowned multi-national firm involved in IT solutions. My first hand exposure to the industry’s working in designing and developing has helped in redefining my perspective and approach towards creating new ones myself. I have a dream to work in a place where latest technology is devised and where standards and protocols are dictated. Ultimately however, I do not want to follow oft beaten trails but blaze a new one for others to follow.It is to realize this that I want to work towards a Masters degree and later for a PhD. It is each person’s dream to graduate from a prestigious school that can provide the launching-pad for his/her career. Though there is a plet hora of options, the pride of place goes to the University that is reputed for its standard par excellence – an honor that goes to none other than to your university. I understand that this University offers exiting and unique opportunities for research and learning. As for my future, it is my desire to explore the realms of computer networks and programming design.I also want to build on the strong foundation that I have acquired during my undergraduate study with a Masters degree and follow it up with a Doctoral one. To achieve this and to attain my goals, I strongly believe that the Computer Science program at your university would place me at the fulcrum of today’s technology in computers. I look forward to being a part of your program in Advanced computer science and would consider myself fortunate to secure an admission into the Masters program at your University since it fits my interests exactly.It is with great optimism that I apply to your school and I sincer ely hope for an association that would be mutually beneficial. Ramji Prasad Myrtheunjayan Graduate study is not for slackers. It takes focus and determination to pursue an advanced degree. That's why admissions committees examine your statement of purpose very closely–they want to see whether you have the right stuff to succeed in graduate school. What are they really asking anyway? Different schools will give you different prompts for the statement of purpose.Nonetheless, they're all asking for the same four pieces of information: †¢ What you want to study at graduate school? †¢ Why you want to study it? †¢ What experience you have in your field? †¢ What you plan to do with your degree once you have it? Admissions committees look for candidates with clear, well-defined research interests that arise from experience . With that in mind, your statement should reveal that you care deeply about your chosen discipline and that you have the background to support your ideas and sentiments. It should also demonstrate that you're a diligent student who will remain committed for the long haul.However you approach these points, it's imperative that you answer the questions asked in the essay prompt. Being substantive and direct is much better than being creative or flashy. Avoid this mistake Grad school applicants commonly make the error of including a paragraph about how well–rounded they are: They're avid ultimate-frisbee players, they write short stories or they love to cook. Colleges are interested in this stuff; graduate schools are not. Grad schools are looking for great minds who will achieve mastery of a specific subject area.They don't care that you make a great chicken casserole or play intramural bocce ball. They do care about those activities that speak to your suitability for graduate work. As a graduate student, you'll be called upon to do difficult coursework and research. You may have to teach undergraduate classes within your field and conceivably even design a course. And you'll have to get along with a diverse group of colleagues who will sometimes work very closely with you. Any experience in school, work or your extracurricular life that speaks to those abilities is worth talking about.Make your statement of purpose unique While it's important to be focused, there's no need to be boring. To distinguish your essay, add unique (yet relevant) information. One of the best ways to do this is to discuss, briefly, an idea in your field that turns you on intellectually. It's an effective essay-opener, and it lets you write about something besides yourself for a bit. Remember, the idea you choose to talk about can tell an admissions committee a lot about you. And it demonstrates your interest in your field, rather than just describing it. Don't forgetBe sure to show your statement of purpose to someone you respect, preferably the professors who are writing your recommendations, and get some feedback on the content before you send it in. If you need to revise it, do so and then ask for more feedback. Have someone else proofread your essay for spelling and grammar. A fresh set of eyes often picks up something you missed. Better yet, if you have enough willing friends, have a couple of people proofread each statement. Finally, don't just reuse the same statement of purpose for each school to which you apply.You can recycle the same information, but make sure you change the presentation to fit each school's individual program. Sample Statement of Purpose Statement of Purpose: Please describe your aptitude and motivation fo r graduate study in your area of specialization, including your preparation for this field of study , your academic plans or research interests in your chosen area of study, and your future career goals. Please be specific about why UC Berkeley would be a good intellectual fit for you. The writer of the statement below was admitted into UC Berkeley's History Departm ent. With her permission, I reprint her essa parsed with my commentary about why it works as a winning essay. â€Å"Luscious fare is the jewe l of inordinate desires,† 1 cautions 2 the author of The Gentlewoman's Companion (1673), one of many early modern conduct books I surveyed this past year for an honors thesis entitled â€Å"‘Chaste, Silent, and Hungr y': The Problem of Female Appetite in Early Modern England, 1550-1700. † 3 As indicated by the title, this pr oject explores a provocative but as of yet scarcely studied facet of early m odern gender constructions: female food desire. 4 I use the word â€Å"desire† here rather deliberately, as ea rly modern definitions of ppetite extended well beyond the physiological drive to eat to encompa ss all those physical (and shameful) longings associated with the body. And, in a culture wh ere women were by defi nition immoderate and sensual, female food appetite, I argue, constituted an unruly 5 desire that de manded both social and moral discipline. In brief, my research con cerns the patriarchal cont rol of women's bodies in sixteenth and seventeenth-century England vi s–vis a cultural idea about food desire and satiation as sugges tive and immodest. 6 In lieu of a formal introduction of my research interests and aspirations I offer a summary of my enior thesis, which earned me the 2003 Chancel lor's Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Research at the University of California, Davis. 7 This first venture into serious historical scholarship has affirmed my passion for early m odern culture and histor y; and it has given me the confidence to assert and cont est my opinions regard ing the status of women in early modern Europe and the current state of early modern historiography. 8 Continuing along these avenues of research in graduate school, I would like to use my thesis as the basis for a future dissertation. Though I remain wary about committing myself premat rely to a specifi c t opic of research, I am also eager to elaborate, modify, and complicate 9 my original assertions about the nature of the â€Å"problem† of female appetite in early modern England. Indeed, many of the conclusions reached in the thesis, such as my claim that the cultural er oticization of feminine appetite in early modern England betrayed a deep-seated masculine mistrust of female sexuality and sexual power, serve as starting points 10 for future research and study. On a more basic level, writing a thesis gave me the chance to become better acquainted with the essentials of historical resear h. Suspecting that normative disc ourses in early modern England participated aggressively in the monitoring of women's appetites, I navigated the sea of early English printed sources in pursu it of the slightest mention of food and diet. Those sources I encountered during my research, wh ich ranged from the popular conduct book, The Education of a Christian Woman by Juan Luis Vives, to the anonymous sex manual, Aristotle's Masterpiece, challenged my basic understanding of history and the original prem ise of my thesis in ways not anticipated. From deciphering esot eric type-fonts to developing n awareness of the importance of time and funds, I experienced the mundane realities of research that inevitably stunt the historian's aspirations. Even more important wa s my gradual acceptance of the fact that early modern sources, no matter how we read them, do not always accommodate modern biases and expectations. 11 Though I cannot predict the course this project might take in graduate school, I expect that it will address the following themes and issues. First is the overarching issue of distinguishing the phenomena I observe from other forms of food re striction and obsession, namely the modern itual of dieting and its most extreme manife station, an eating disorder. Though not willing to evade those complicated (and controversial) para llels between modern and early modern usages of food and food symbolism to cont rol the lives of women, I also wish to offer as an historian a nuanced portrayal of how early modern conceptualiz ations of female appetite were infused with contemporary, historically contingent notions of sexuality and gender. Furthermore, the question of fema le agency in a project devote d almost exclusively to male prescriptions for diet and behavior demands further discussion.Admittedly, on more than one occasion, my own extensive use and analysis of conduct books and various obstetric manuals, works composed primarily by educated men, cause d me to pause and wonder whether it was best to relate a history abou t women's actions or the patriarchal apparatus under which those actions were oppressed. While I refuse to see women as simply passive receptacles of masculine command, I neither wish nor aspire to focus sole ly on their achievements; for, in my mind, the history of women and the history of patriarchy are inextricably rela ted. 12 My goal, then, will not be to detail just another example of how wome in history were dominated by men, but, rather, to interrogate the means, in this case food, or, better yet, the cultural meaning of appetite, by which women's desires were suppressed or denied. 13 Indeed I am proud of my thesis and, given extra time, could say much more. But I should also stress that that at the heart of my specific res earch concentration lies a more general interest in early modern European history, cultural and women's history to be more exact. 14 To date, my knowledge of the early modern period has been informed and my imagination sustained by an array of courses on early modern history and lite ature (I was a joint hist ory and English major), including a graduate seminar on Renaissance urban culture taught jointly by Professors Margaret Ferguson and Deborah Harkness. My personal pe nchant for cultural history stems largely, I believe, from my training in litera ture and literary crit icism, wh ere sensitivity to the importance of language and metaphor is a neces sary skill. Also of crucial importance to a professional career in history are my growing skills in Latin and French, and my fluency in Spanish. 15 This year I find myself in that difficult and fr ustrating transitional peri od between undergraduate nd graduate studies. Though I would have preferred to directly co ntinue graduate school after graduation, I opted to take a year off. A year aw ay from school, I reasoned, would afford me the time needed to recuperate from an exhaustive und ergraduate education, gain some perspective, and work on fulfilling the language requirement for a doctorate in European history. In fact, I am currently enrolled in a French course at a nearby university and plan to take a subsequent course during the upcoming spring semester. This academic hiatus, moreover, has imposed some much- needed distance between myself and my thesis, wh ch I can now reread from a more critical, less invested stance. And, finally, a break from school has given me sufficient time to search and research for graduate programs that best suit my needs. 16 UC Berkeley's history program looms large in my mind, largely because of its outstanding faculty and interdisciplinary approach to hist ory. In my own quest for a suitable graduate program, I was thrilled to learn that Professors Thomas Laqueur and Carla Hesse both taught at Berkeley. Professor Laqueur's book, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud , stands out among the many books I ead during my undergraduate education; and I credit his book with introducing me to the nascent but fascin ating field of the history of sexuality and the body. Together, Professor Laqueur's cutting edge research and Professor Hesse's knowledge of early modern women's history would make my experience at Berkeley a challenging and enjoyable one. 17 In addition, Berkeley provides an id eal climate for me to develop my cross-disciplinary interests. In particular, I am interested in pursuing a desi gnated emphasis in women, gender, and sexuality, a unique option that distinguishes Berkeley's hist ry program from that of other institutions. The cross-disciplinary nature of Berkeley's gra duate program would foster, I hope, fruitful discussions with other departme nts, notably the department of English and Women's Studies, thus broadening and enriching my research as well as my general understanding early modern culture and history. 18 †¢ 1 The writer begins with a vivid quote that grabs the reader's attention right away. †¢ 2 â€Å"Cautions† is an excellent verb choice. Carefu l word choice makes fo r lively writing. †¢ 3 Note how neatly in one well-packed sentence , the writer gets right to the point of her urrent research. †¢ 4 â€Å"Provocative† is an apt and colorful word c hoice. This sentence explains the nature of her study and situates her subject in historical and thematic c ontext. †¢ 5 â€Å"Unruly† is another aptly c hosen adjective. Adjectives can create â€Å"dead places† in writing if they add nothing significant to the noun that it is describing. †¢ 6 The summary sentence not only recaps the gist of the first paragraph, but also provides further nuance of the subject at hand. †¢ 7 This first sentence makes clear that research first and foremost will be central to her argument in the essay. Mentioning the â€Å"Cha cellor's Award† in the context of her research is a clever way of boasting without seeming to. †¢ 8 It is a very good idea to explicit ly state the chosen subfield within history: early modern Europe. You can't assume that your readers will make the inference from the research topic alone. To â€Å"assert and contest† opinions is, of c ourse, the marksmanship of historians; making reference to â€Å"the current state of early modern historiography† conveys familiarity with the subje ct on the one hand, and confidence and intellectual poise on the other. Notice how much more powerful is such a statement as compared to ne poorly written, such as â€Å"I am passionate and committed to my interest in early modern Europe. † †¢ 9 Again, to say that as a historian, she will â€Å"e laborate, modify, and complicate† the subject matter is to show that she really understands the work of historians. A less experienced candidate might have written that she wa nts to uncover the â€Å"truth† in history. †¢ 10 â€Å"Starting points† –referring to her research interests–is a very measured way of saying that she knows what tugs at her heart, has done enough research to have some hunches, but is open to surprise endings. A beautiful re ndition of a historian's sentiment.You may turn off your readers if you come off sounding overly confident. Maintaining a measured tone is very important. †¢ 11 This paragraph details furth er specific less ons and skills earned through this research project. Note the use of colorful verb s such as â€Å"navigated† and â€Å"stunt. † †¢ 12 Note the nuanced and carefully measured way of speaking about her subject. Clearly the writer is well-read in theory and show s strong ability in cri tically evaluating her subject. Moreover, she tries to be the â€Å"obj ective† scholar in that she does not champion any cause. That is, she does not champion the ause of women even as she conveys deep empathy. †¢ 13 The reference to a parallel example of female appetite in contemporary culture as holding interest for the writer is aptly placed here. Were she to have mentioned it any earlier, it would have clouded the primarily hist orical nature and focu s of her venture. †¢ 14 It is wise at this point to zoom out a bit and show that th e writer's interest lies more broadly in early modern Europe and the hist ory of women. Zooming in and out from th e narrow to the general shows th at you are capable of becomi ng a specialist without being overly narrow. †¢ 15Showing interdisciplinarity and your abilities in language are key to your academic biography. In this case, the reader learns that she is a historian with training in literary and critical theory. †¢ 16 This is a model paragraph for showing what you did in your â€Å"time off† from school. Note how nothing extraneous to her study is me ntioned in this paragraph. The paragraph shows that the time off was spent wisely in preparing herself for graduate school. †¢ 17 She demonstrates a thorough-going knowledge of UC Berkeley. She mentions not one but two key scholars with whom she could pur sue her studies. She mentions how their rea of specialty dovetails with her own resear ch interests. Note how she does not make empty, flattering remarks about the professors or the school. †¢ 18 She continues to list bounties beyond the department strengthening the argument that Berkeley is well-suited for her. The reader will be impressed with the research and the seriousness with which she has examined UC Be rkeley as an option for graduate school. A well-written essay unveils much information about the writer, not only in her intellectual capacity, but also about her character and core values. Through her writing, she makes a distinctive impression.

Art and Literature in Augustan Rome Essay

The beginning of this time period comes with the death of Julius Caesar and the rise to power of his nephew, Octavius. He was in the Second Triumvirate that was formed to maintain order in Rome. Octavian, Marcus Lepidus, and Marc Antony ruled formally unlike the informal triumvirate of Julius Caesar. The triumvirate set out to execute members of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar. In 42 BC, Brutus and Cassius were finally defeated. In the following years the triumvirate diminished. In 36 BC, Lepidus retired. Marc Antony began to have affairs with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt. These affairs briefly came to a pause when Antony married Octavian’s sister Octavia. Marc Antony later returns to Egypt and marries Cleopatra. This causes Octavian and Antony to break out into war. He then takes his great-uncles name of Augustus and claims his leadership over Rome by defeating Mark Antony. Much art and literature was dedicated to the support of Augustus, which helped to bring together his empire. The Aeneid is an example of such propaganda in favor of Augustus, which people often find parallels between Aeneas and Augustus. In order for Augustus to maintain his newly gained power he uses such art and literature to influence his people. This form of media, which propaganda was a key part, plays an important role in his plan to maintain power. Augustus, known first to history as Gaius Octavius, was born in 63 BC. His relation to Julius Caesar comes from his grandmother Julia, who was Caesar’s sister. His great-uncle encourages him, for he sees talent in him, and even puts him in his will as his successor, along with three quarters of his estate. In 44 BC Caesar is assassinated and Augustus heads to Rome to pay his respects and to take his throne. He has to battle against Mark Antony, who was one of Caesar’s most trusted lieutenants. After ultimately causing Antony and his second wife Cleopatra to commit suicide, Augustus returns to Rome as the undisputed master of both east and west. Augustus ruled by patronage, military power, and accumulation of the offices. He was a sole ruler of Rome, which in result became known as the Roman Empire. The Senate became docile to Augustus and allowed him to have control. He gained the people’s support by funding various poets and artisans, who in exchange  glorified him in their work. This use of the arts, is example to Augustus’ use of political propaganda through art and literature. The writer of the Aeneid, Virgil, was a part of the circle of artists and poets supported by the wealthy patron Maecenas, who was close to Augustus. This gave him the freedom to spend most of his time writing. Since Virgil was writing under a patron close to the emperor, his stories had an element of political propaganda. He tied the life of Aeneas in the Aeneid, to that of Augustus, legitimizing the position of monarch and pleasing the emperor. This story was extremely popular in Rome and Aeneas was seen as the model citizen, so you can see why the connection to Augustus could work as a sort of propaganda. The Aeneid is interpreted by some, to validate the â€Å"golden age† and the restoration of the republic that Augustus had claimed to have done. It is a form of positive propaganda for Augustus, portraying him in a positive light for all of Rome to read. The most obvious connection between Aeneas and Augustus was their roles as founders. Aeneas founded the Roman Empire in the Aeneid and Augustus re-founded the empire after it had begun to fall apart after Caesar’s assassination and the subsequent battle for total power. In Book Six, Aeneas is shown a prophecy of the coming greatness of Rome, in a clear reference to Augustus’ rule. Another example is that the poem also served in Augustus’s attempts to re-introduce Roman values into Roman society, including reverence for the gods. Aeneas continually showed reverence to the gods, just as he did when he left Dido because it was the god’s will. The poem continues to reflect these ideals by portraying Aeneas not as a man motivated by personal gain, but a man motivated by his love and loyalty to his country, people and gods. For Romans the Aeneid is seen as something mystical, which it may be, but for Augustus it is just another example of his use of literature and art as propaganda. Augustus also united the Empire through his use of the arts as a form of self-promotion and to promote the themes of his administration, such as peace, allegiance to Rome, and respect for tradition. He visually improved the city by constructing new buildings that were worthy of the powerful Empire. He made art into the materialization of Roman government which was an idea continued by his descendants and was declared a god. He knew that he  had to portray his greatness in all the aspects of his subjects’ lives, including the arts. Three examples of such art are the Ara Pacis, the Temple of Mars, and the Res Gestae Divi Augustus. The Ara Pacis was made to honor the triumphal return from Spain and Gaul of Augustus and to celebrate the peace established by his victories. The Temple of Mars was constructed in Rome, to give thanks to the god for his victory over the assassins of his adoptive father, Gaius Julius Caesar. The Res Gestae Divi Augustus, is the first-person record of Augustus’ life and accomplishments. It is to show the greatness of Augustus and how he wanted it to be portrayed to his Roman people. These three pieces of art were very important in helping Augustus maintaining his power. Augustus’ use of art and literature as propaganda to influence his people was his way of keeping hold of his power. He was aware, as example of his great-uncle, that keeping power as a Roman Leader wasn’t easy. Even from the very beginning of his climb to power, when he had to fight for his throne against Mark Antony, he realized that his reign would come with some struggle. Which is why once he obtained complete control he used the works of artisans and poets to pay homage to himself and to influence the people of Rome to see Augustus in a favorable light. Just as Virgil’s epic, the Aeneid was extremely influential, not only to the people of the time of Augustan Rome, but also to many generations afterward. Augustus’ support created a â€Å"golden age† of literature even if much of it was a sort of propaganda. It is easy to understand why many other monarchs would strive to be like Augustus and to immortalize themselves in the arts and literature of their time as he once did. For he was an outstanding military leader, an excellent overseer of many public works, as well as being the leader during the longest period of peace and prosperity that Rome has ever experienced. Not only did he do all of this, but he also was extremely successful in his use of art and literature propaganda to influence the people around him. It not only gained him the support of the people of Rome, but it helped to unite his empire, as well as allowing him to live forever, not in a human body, but in the threads and strokes of all the works dedicated to him.